Bibliography
What are the resources and external references cited by the method?
The ABC and complementary resources to Bilan Carbone®
ABC - Association for Low Carbon Transition
TheAssociation for Low Carbon Transition (ABC) – formerly the Association Bilan Carbone – was created in 2011 by ADEME, French Public Agency for Ecological Transition and APCC, Association of Professionals in Climate, Energy and Environment Consulting, to support and disseminate the Bilan Carbone® methodology. It provides organisations and citizens with tools and methods enabling them to succeed in defining and implementing their decarbonisation strategy. The ABC brings together more than 1000 organisations committed to the climate and fosters a community of stakeholders around low-carbon transition issues and, more particularly, carbon accounting. Through its missions, the association seeks to Stakeholder engage and train as many actors (organisations and citizens) as possible on the issues related to combating climate change.
🔗 To join: https://abc-transitionbascarbone.fr/agir/adherer-a-labc/
Terms and Conditions of Use
This new version of the Bilan Carbone® method is freely and publicly accessible. However, its use is conditional on themembership or an up-to-date licence with ABC as a legal entity, thereby ensuring an up-to-date version of the tools used to apply the method as well as various additional services (for more details, consult the ABC website). Any organisation wishing to use the method or our tools must have at least one person trained in the Bilan Carbone® methodology by an authorised training organisation.
See the Terms and Conditions of Use.
Summary of the Working Group's recommendations - method evolution
Between 2022 and 2024, the Association for Low Carbon Transition (ABC) set up a Working Group (WG) dedicated to the evolution of the Bilan Carbone® method, composed of:
The ABC team, including members of the board of directors
Recognised historical experts who contributed to previous working groups or have demonstrated their expertise
Subject-matter experts called upon occasionally for specific topics
Experienced experimenters and representatives from the membership colleges among the current year's members
After several months of reflection, the WG reached a consensus on the directions and developments necessary to integrate into the method. The Summary of the Working Group's recommendations, published in early 2023, is accessible to members. Several rounds of WG review then followed to arrive at the current version.
🔗 For more information:https://abc-transitionbascarbone.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Notes_syntheseGT_finale.pdf
Training on the Bilan Carbone® method
A first essential step to work with Bilan Carbone®, the training enables acquisition of the skills necessary to use the Bilan Carbone® methodology and tools. In the interest of quality, it is a prerequisite to access the full set of up-to-date Bilan Carbone® tools.
🔗 For more information: https://abc-transitionbascarbone.fr/agir/se-former-au-bilan-carbone/
Bilan Carbone® tools
ABC provides tools that allow any organisation to account for all its GHG emissions and thus become aware of its main emission categories and its energy vulnerability.
Two tools are available:
a SaaS software: BC+, allowing completion of a Bilan Carbone® online, collaboratively and documenting each entry
calculation spreadsheets (a master spreadsheet for converting activity data into CO2eq, creating charts and exporting to various ISO, GHG Protocol or French regulatory formats, as well as optional utilities)
🔗 For more information: https://abc-transitionbascarbone.fr/agir/nos-solutions-et-outils/
Compliance framework for Bilan Carbone® tools
Since 2014, ABC has implemented an audit procedure to assess the conformity of carbon accounting tools with the Bilan Carbone® method. Tools that pass this audit can then present themselves as " tools compliant with Bilan Carbone® " and are visible on the ABC website. Note that this conformity lasts three years, and ABC regularly updates its website to ensure that recognised compliant tools are kept up to date.
🔗 For more information on the audit framework: https://abc-transitionbascarbone.fr/mise-en-conformite/
🔗 For more information on the list of compliant tools: https://abc-transitionbascarbone.fr/les-outils-conformes/
Overview of tools and methods available to organisations and territories
To meet the transition needs of our societies towards a low-carbon model, numerous tools and methodologies exist. It can sometimes be difficult for project managers and decision-makers to navigate them. ABC published a first guide of methods and tools in 2017. A second version, supported by ADEME, was published in 2020: updated, expanded, and accompanied by typical pathways for transition actors, including notably 19 technical datasheets, 4 pathways for organisations and 2 overviews of territorial approaches.
These guides have been updated in the form of an overview published at 2024 : 🔗 https://www.panorama-comptabilitecarbone.com/
🔗For more information (2020 version): Overview of tools and methods available to organisations and territories
Bilan Carbone® Collage
The Bilan Carbone® Collage is a format usable during the results presentation phase of the Bilan Carbone® to raise awareness among employees about the organisation's impacts and to engage them around the actions to be implemented deriving from the transition plan.
🔗 https://abc-transitionbascarbone.fr/fresque-du-bilan-carbone/
🔗 For more information: Bilan Carbone® Collage
Observatory of Carbon Accounting in France (OCCF)
The Observatory of Carbon Accounting in France (OCCF) is a joint initiative launched by the Association for Low Carbon Transition (ABC) and the Association of Professionals in Climate Consulting (APCC) in 2023.
The OCCF's main objective is to create an exhaustive, high-quality database gathering anonymous and complete Bilan Carbone® or GHG Assessments (BEGES), to enable sectoral comparisons and facilitate organisations' low-carbon transition.
🔗 For more information on the OCCF: https://observatoiredelacomptabilitecarbone.fr/
Guide for the evaluation of a Bilan Carbone®
Presents the method for evaluating a Bilan Carbone® as well as a Regulatory GHG Assessment. It details the principles, methodology and the process of the assessment approach for the reports.
The evaluation of reports ensures their reliability and transparency as well as the relevance of the established transition plans.
🔗 For more information: https://www.bilancarbone-evaluation.com/
Directory of ABC service providers and members
ABC provides a directory of trained and authorised service providers able to support a Bilan Carbone® approach, or its complementary resources (Bilan Carbone® Evaluation, Bilan Carbone® Collage, etc.)
🔗 For more information: https://abc-transitionbascarbone.fr/les-acteurs/annuaire-des-prestataires/
Introductory resources
Climate developments
Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the IPCC
The IPCC is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It is an organisation bringing together 195 UN member states whose objective is to regularly provide an unbiased assessment of the most advanced scientific knowledge on climate. It brings together thousands of volunteer experts worldwide to assess, analyse and synthesise the numerous scientific studies on the subject. IPCC reports are at the heart of international climate negotiations.
Created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the IPCC has published six waves of reports on climate change at regular intervals.
The sixth and most recent assessment report (AR6 or Sixth Assessment Report), finalised in 2023, is composed of three parts:
The physical science basis of climate change (August 2021)
Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability (February 2022)
Mitigation of climate change (April 2022).
It also includes the following "special" reports: "Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C" (2018), "Special Report on Climate Change and Land" (2019), "Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate" (2019).
With the 6th report, the SSP (Shared Socio-economic Pathways) scenarios replace the previously used RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) scenarios. Five SSP scenarios are proposed. SSP2-4.5, equivalent to RCP8.5, being the most likely, represents the rate of emissions evolution without major change ("business as usual", i.e. continuation of current emissions).
The reports are approved by the 195 UN member states. AR6 was approved on Sunday 27 February 2022.
For more information, you can consult:
🔗 the summary for policymakers of the first part of the report, in French, by following this link
🔗 the reports, by following this link
🔗 a popularised summary of AR6 produced by the Shift Project
Introductory sources on the climate context
The introductory section condenses various bibliographic information whose sources are presented below:
2023 was the hottest year ever recorded.
The threshold of an average warming of more than 2°C was symbolically crossed on one day in 2023
The CGDD, in a 2020 publicationhighlighted that 6 out of 10 French people are affected by climate risk
Framework objectives at the European Union level: Climate action and the Green Deal
Framework objectives at the scale of France: the SNBC.
Quotation from António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2021.
Limiting warming to +2°C would require a reduction of global GHG emissions of 64% by 2050 and 84% to limit warming to +1.5°.
Planetary warming estimated at +3.2°C by 2100 by the High Council on Climate (HCC).
This estimate is associated with a range of uncertainty on policy developments beyond 2030 ranging from 2.2°C to 3.5°C. Warming could be reduced by about 0.4°C if all pledges submitted under nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the United Nations are fulfilled, and by about 0.9°C if countries' carbon neutrality pledges, many of which are unrealistic, are also fully achieved. Thus, even if all current 2030 commitments and countries' carbon neutrality pledges were met, planetary warming would still exceed 2°C. Finally, when considering the full range of uncertainty on the climate response, which is added to these values, the possibility of planetary warming of more than 4.0°C still cannot be ruled out.
The decline in gross emissions in France must still assert its structural character, as indicated by the High Council on Climate .
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and which complements the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), whose participating countries have met once a year since 1995. It notably defines the different GHGs to be taken into account for these reductions:
Carbon dioxide, CO₂
Methane, CH₄
Nitrous oxide, N₂O
Sulphur hexafluoride, SF₆
The hydrofluorocarbons, HFCs
The perfluorocarbons, PFCs
🔗 For more information, you can consult the text, in French, by following this link.
Accounting resources
Other standards, norms and regulations for GHG emissions accounting
ISO 14064-1:2018
ISO 14064-1:2018 specifies organisational-level guidance for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals. The standard serves as a reference for main methods, in particular the French regulatory methodology.
The requirements described by this standard allow to:
define the emission and removal boundaries of greenhouse gases
quantify these emissions and removals
identify actions aimed at improving greenhouse gas management.
ISO/TR 14069 provides application guidance for ISO 14064-1. It describes in particular the 23 emission categories of the GHG profile, split between direct and energy-related indirect emissions (mandatory under the standard) and other indirect emissions (optional), and gives some accounting examples.
For more information, you can consult:
🔗 the fact sheet related to ISO 14064-1, from the ABC methods panorama.
Regulatory method for carrying out greenhouse gas emission assessments (BEGES-R)
Article 75 of Law No. 2010-788 of 12 July 2010 on the national commitment for the environment (ENE) established the generalisation of greenhouse gas emission assessments (that is the Regulatory GHG Assessment or BEGES-R) to:
Companies with more than 500 employees (250 in overseas departments)
Local authorities with more than 50,000 inhabitants
Public establishments with more than 250 staff
State services.
The BEGES-R methodology aims to provide the necessary elements for the development of the GHG profile, to be carried out every 4 years for private law legal entities, and every 3 years for the State, local authorities and other public law legal entities.
The method described is directly inspired by ISO 14064-1:2018 and was updated in 2022.
For more information, you can consult:
🔗 the national platform for the publication of greenhouse gas emission assessments of ADEME.
🔗 the BEGES-R method
🔗 theDecree of 25 January 2016, relating to the IT platform for the transmission of greenhouse gas emission assessments
🔗 The place of the Bilan Carbone® vis-à-vis the Regulatory GHG Assessment.
🔗 the fact sheet related to the Regulatory GHG Assessment, from the ABC methods panorama.
Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG-P)
Created in 1998 by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (170 companies), with the support of NGOs and governments, the GHG Protocol works with many actors to build accounting and reporting standards for greenhouse gases (GHGs) and to promote their widespread adoption.
The GHG Protocol's first standard was published in 2001, and since then the method has been used worldwide, notably for climate reporting, for example to the CDP.
For more information, you can consult:
🔗 the fact sheet related to the GHG-P, from the ABC methods panorama.
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and Ordinance No. 2023-1142 of 6 December 2023
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. European directive establishing new non-financial reporting standards and obligations. It has been applicable since 1 January 2024.
TheOrdinance No. 2023-1142 of 6 December 2023 relating to the publication and certification of sustainability information and to the environmental, social and corporate governance obligations of commercial companies, in France. This is the transcription into French law of the European directive.
For more information, you can consult:
🔗 the text of the CSRD, following this link
🔗 the ordinance, following this link
🔗 the fact sheet relating to the CSRD, from the ABC methods panorama.
Diag Décarbon'action
The Diag Décarbon'action is a scheme created and financed by Bpifrance, with methodological support from the ABC and its community. The scheme helps finance the first Bilan Carbone® for micro-enterprises, SMEs and some intermediate-sized enterprises. The Bilan Carbone® will be carried out by an expert trained in the method, drawn from a pool of preselected consultants.
The Diag Décarbon'action is therefore not a new standard, norm, or regulation in carbon accounting, but a scheme that facilitates access to these approaches (notably Bilan Carbone®) while retaining its fundamental methodological principles.
🔗 For more information on the scheme: https://diag.bpifrance.fr/diag-decarbon-action
Other carbon accounting scales
Product Carbon Footprint
Within carbon accounting, one generally distinguishes four main scales : territory, individual, product and organisation.
⏳[WIP] The ABC and its community will position themselves on adapting the principles of the Bilan Carbone® Organisation to the product and territory scales. Future reflections will focus on the Product footprint, and on the Territory footprint.
Initiatives exist. For example the proposal for a new climate indicator (SCAP) to assess the compatibility of products or services with the objectives of the Paris agreements
⏳[WIP] A bibliographic review is underway and will be made available soon.
Individual Carbon Footprint (or personal carbon footprint)
Within carbon accounting, one generally distinguishes four main scales : territory, individual, product and organisation.
A reference method published by the ABC frames the method for estimating an individual's footprint in order to provide comprehensive and educational information on their climate contribution and their levers for action.
🔗 For more information: https://www.empreinte-carbone-personnelle.com/
Territory Carbon Footprint
Within carbon accounting, one generally distinguishes four main scales : territory, individual, product and organisation.
⏳[WIP] The ABC and its community will position themselves on adapting the principles of the Bilan Carbone® Organisation to the product and territory scales. Future reflections will focus on the Product footprint, and on the Territory footprint.
Initiatives exist.
⏳[WIP] A bibliographic review is underway and will be made available soon.
Net Zero Initiative: on induced, avoided and sequestered emissions
The Net Zero Initiative framework offers organisations a way to describe and organise their climate action in order to maximise their contribution to global carbon neutrality.
Each organisation is then encouraged to:
Evaluate its performance on these three pillars;
Set ambitious objectives on these three pillars in parallel;
Manage them dynamically over time.
For more information, you can consult:
🔗 The NZI framework: https://www.net-zero-initiative.com/fr/referentiel
🔗 the pillar B guide of the NZI
🔗 the pillar C guide of the NZI
ADEME's opinion on Carbon Neutrality
ADEME advises against aiming for an arithmetic carbon neutrality at the scale of an organisation, and to prioritise decarbonisation levers within the organisational boundary (induced emissions).
For more information:
Practical accounting guides
Sectoral works and guides
ADEME and the French professional federations have produced a series of sectoral guides, providing examples and advice on carbon accounting. They focus particularly on defining sources, sinks, types of gases, necessary data and calculation methods for each significant and/or relevant emitting category of the sector concerned in order to optimise the completion of the French regulation on greenhouse gas emissions reporting. The guides are also representative of the sector on the basis of feedback or good practices.
The sectoral guides are being updated with public consultations in particular. The updates will be posted progressively on ADEME's website.
🔗 To consult the sectoral guides:https://bilans-ges.ademe.fr/ressources/approches-sectorielles
A complementary sectoral tool dedicated to the stocks and flows of carbon in territories has also been created by ADEME with the support of the ABC.
🔗 To consult the tool:https://docs.datagir.ademe.fr/documentation-aldo/flux/methode-generale
General Carbon Plan (PCG)
The General Carbon Plan is a reference operational guide led by the ABC in partnership with the APCC and based on the original idea of SAMI. This guide aims to answer, by consensus, all practical questions concerning carbon accounting.
The General Carbon Plan currently covers the four main carbon accounting methodologies, which are:
Bilan Carbone®
Regulatory GHG Assessment
ISO 14064-1
The GHG Protocol
The General Carbon Plan is an evolving resource that is being modified by the ABC; some parts of the resource may therefore undergo significant changes, notably with the arrival of this new version of the method. Users of the resource can also report gaps or propose improvement ideas by joining the community Open Carbone Practice on Slack.
🔗 To consult the GCP: https://www.plancarbonegeneral.com/
Analytical Carbon Accounting
Analytical Carbon Accounting is a method for calculating the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions on which the organisation depends. Analytical Carbon Accounting is a carbon accounting approach that produces a GHG emissions profile (and therefore indicators on the organisation’s impact and dependence on GHG emissions) according to several customisable boundaries, based on the operational reality specific to each organisation.
It allows to:
build a Bilan Carbone® at different hierarchical levels, enabling each responsible person with implementation capacity to track the impact of their decisions through the study of emissions at their level. The idea is therefore to break down the emissions profile by internal stakeholder (e.g. business unit, team, site) to facilitate decision-making; and by external stakeholder (e.g. customer, supplier) to facilitate the implementation of the transition plan (LCA, specific EF, supplier questionnaire, downstream study, etc.).
build the skeleton of the Bilan Carbone® according to the organisation's chart of accounts, at minimum for each boundary that the company supervises from a financial perspective for the purposes of cost optimisation or gains. Thus the organisation has the means to steer its decision-making via a financial cost and a carbon cost.
These principles are compatible with the expectations of the Bilan Carbone® method. It is indeed possible to obtain a Bilan Carbone® by expressing the results (GHG profile and actions) with a so-called “analytical” reading (according to analytical axes or categories). Analytical carbon accounting therefore allows the organisation's Bilan Carbone® to be established as a decision-making and impact, risk and opportunity study tool in the face of energy–climate challenges.
For more information, you can consult:
🔗 The references of the Bilan Carbone® method to analytical carbon accounting are based on the Analytical Carbon Accounting Guide, published at the initiative of Mobeetip
Specificities of the carbon footprint for associations
This is a dual resource adapted to associative specificities:
A sectoral approach of the General Carbon Plan : practical and concrete advice for accounting for an association's carbon emissions.
A annex to the Bilan Carbone® : to adapt the management of a Bilan Carbone® approach within an association. Its ambition is to strengthen the shift to climate action in the associative sector by relying on an adapted and accessible methodology, collectively designed to meet the specific challenges of this sector.
This annex is the result of reflections carried out with a Working Group on the carbon footprint of associations, created specifically by the ABC (Association for Low Carbon Transition) and the Tilt Movement. It constitutes a methodological reference for practical tools aligned with the realities and specificities of this sector.
This Working Group brings together experts from the associative sphere, pilot associations, carbon accounting experts and institutions.
These methodological deliverables are intended for associations under the 1901 law declared in France. If other public-interest structures (such as foundations) or non-French associations wish to take up thesectoral approach, they may do so, without guarantee that this approach will fully suit them.
Resources on strategy and transition plan
Guide for the construction, implementation and monitoring of a transition plan by ADEME
This document provides methodological support to organisations wishing to set up transition plans. It focuses on transition plans covering actions to reduce direct and indirect GHG emissions related to an organisation’s activities, as well as on drafting a long-term strategic vision to transform these activities towards a low-carbon model.
This Guide is intended for organisations that have quantified their GHG emissions as part of their GHG assessment and wish to implement the associated transition plan.
This guide is project-management oriented, constituting an operational method recommending the steps to follow for the construction, implementation and monitoring of a transition plan. It is based on the analysis of reference documents on the subject, feedback from organisations' experiences and contributions from experts. Organisations are invited to draw inspiration from this guide, selecting the elements that seem most relevant with regard to their business issues, motivations and their maturity level.
For more information, you can consult:
🔗 The Guide for the construction, implementation and monitoring of a transition plan
🔗 Developing your transition plan on the GHG Assessment website
Quanti GES
The method for quantifying GHG emissions related to an action is a method developed by ADEME since 2014. It makes it possible to compare a “with action” scenario and a “without action” scenario, at various key moments of the action, through the analysis of a consequence tree and the accounting of GHGs thanks to emission factors.
A version 3 was published in 2022, more robust and operational.
⏳[WIP] Regarding the link between the Project Footprint method and QuantiGES, a bibliographic review is underway and will be proposed soon.
For more information, you can consult:
🔗 Implementing your transition plan on the GHG Assessment website
ACT Step by Step or ACT Step by Step
ACT (Accelerate Climate Transition) Step-by-step is aimed at any company that wishes to develop and implement an ambitious and concrete low-carbon strategy. The approach is divided into 5 major steps:
Diagnosis of the current situation
Determination of issues and challenges
Vision
New strategy
Construction of the action plan
ACT Step by Step relies on a toolbox and practical guides. The final objective being the implementation of a programme of actions that breaks down the strategy, as well as its monitoring and governance. The process covers all themes of the strategy, from governance issues to carbon performance indicators and targets.
For more information, you can consult:
🔗 The site of the ACT initiative https://actinitiative.org/
🔗 the sheet relating to ACT, from the ABC methods panorama.
ACT Evaluation or ACT Assessment
The ACT (Accelerate Climate Transition) method Assessment covers the two aspects of carbon accounting: reporting and the shift to action. It is an extra-financial rating aimed at investors of the audited company, designed to assess the company's position with respect to a sectoral “2°” trajectory. The method therefore relies heavily on the tools of the Science Based Targets.
The auditor therefore observes the company's past (actions already taken), its present (comparison with its sector of activity) and the projected future (planned actions). A three-part score assesses the company's position with respect to its trajectory, the coherence of the different indicators and the auditor's confidence in the likely evolution of the score.
The ACT sectoral frameworks similarly provide guidance on the actions to be taken to enter a “2°” trajectory: companies are thus encouraged to take action.
For more information, you can consult:
🔗 The site of the ACT initiative https://actinitiative.org/
🔗 the sheet relating to ACT, from the ABC methods panorama.
Science Based Targets Initiative (SBT)
The SBT initiative is led by the CDP, the WRI and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), with the support of theUnited Nations Global Compact (UNGC) and the coalition We Mean Business. This project aims to push companies to set reduction targets in line with the IPCC's recommendations, and in particular with scenarios limiting warming to 1.5°C and +2°C. Several tools are provided by the coalition so that each company can develop its targets, in coherence with sectoral scenarios, in particular those of the International Energy Agency (IEA).
⏳[WIP] A bibliographic review is underway and will be made available soon.
National Low Carbon Strategy (SNBC)
⏳[WIP] A bibliographic review is underway and will be made available soon.
Resources on Communication
Communication charter for tools
Carbon accounting as well as action to combat climate change and in favour of the low-carbon transition have become a real communication, image and stance issue.
This charter proposes a consensus among its signatories regarding respect for communication principles around quality carbon accounting, framed within an active contribution to our society's transition to a decarbonised model.
Communication guide on climate issues
Carbon accounting as well as action to combat climate change and in favour of the low-carbon transition have become a real communication, image and stance issue.
This guide offers:
Definitions, key messages and communication principles around quality carbon accounting, framed within an active contribution to our society's transition to a decarbonised model.
Application advice on creating an environment conducive to good communication (non-exhaustive)
Other resources
CDP questionnaires and reports
The CDP is an NGO that carries an international reporting model targeted at companies, cities, states and regions, via online questionnaires. Present in fifty countries worldwide, the CDP offers a series of paid questionnaires, the responses to which are then analysed. Reports are regularly published from these data so that decision-makers in the world (investors, purchasers, etc.) can act accordingly.
The CDP questionnaire covers scope 1 & 2 emissions, as well as scope 3 to a lesser extent. Other questions address governance, strategy (risk management, business and engagement with governments), the company's targets and initiatives in terms of emissions reduction and finally communication.
⏳[WIP] A bibliographic review is underway and will be made available soon.
Climate shadow
⏳ABC will soon publish a study on this concept and how it complements the Bilan Carbone®, with several examples (services, advertising, decarbonisation), drawing inspiration from and going further than several works:
⏳These works have not yet been analysed by the ABC and do not engage the position of the association or its community.
Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)
The TCFD is a task force set up by the Financial Stability Board, company‑oriented to develop voluntary and relevant reporting for investors, linked to material risks.
Four main recommendations are highlighted: reporting should be usable by all organisations, include links with financial analysis, enable operational decisions and focus on the analysis of risks and opportunities related to the transition to a low‑carbon economy.
The TCFD was dissolved following the submission of its final report in October 2023. The Financial Stability Board asked the IFRS to take over the TCFD's missions.
Various TCFD recommendations are integrated within the identification of risks and opportunities of the Bilan Carbone® method.
⏳[WIP] A bibliographic review is underway and will be made available soon.
ISO/IEC 17029 and ISO 14066:2023
Conformity assessment — General principles and requirements for validation and verification bodies
The document sets out the requirements of these two activities as well as the definition of the validation/verification programme to be applied.
"Such a programme specifies definitions, principles, rules, processes and requirements applicable to the steps of the validation/verification process, as well as the competencies of validators/verifiers for a specific sector. Programmes can be legal frameworks, international, regional or national standards, global initiatives, sectoral applications as well as individual agreements with clients of the validation/verification body."
"Validation and verification are differentiated according to the chronology of the statement being assessed. Validation applies to statements concerning a planned future use or a projected result (confirmation of plausibility), whereas verification applies to statements concerning events that have already occurred or results that have already been obtained (confirmation of truthfulness). "
The ISO standard 14066 : 2023 defines the competence requirements for validation teams and verification teams of environmental information.
For more information, you can consult:
OCARA methodological guide
OCARA, standing for “Operational Climate Adaptation and Resilience Assessment”, is a guide that offers:
a detailed methodology for theanalysis of the current climate resilience of a company
the main principles for analysing future evolution of impact scenarios
the main principles for developing adaptation and resilience plans.
⏳[WIP] A bibliographic review is underway and will be made available soon.
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